ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: resistance training exercise is one of the most common methods in fitness programs and health programs for athletes and therapists. Manipulation of every variable of training, such as rest intervals changes the adaptation and lead to the acquisition of more strength, higher endurance or biochemical changes in the body or cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two resistance exercise [RE] protocols with different rest intervals [RI] on serum homocysteine and CRP concentrations
Material and Methods: this study included sedentary men between 19-28years of age who were randomly divided into 3 groups: two experimental groups including RE with RI of 90 [n=10] seconds and RE with RI of 180 seconds [n=10], and a control group [n=10]. Exercise protocol included 8 exercises with intensity of 50% of 1RM in the first session and 85% of 1RM in the last session. The participants' weight, body fat percentage and body mass index were measured before and after intervention. In addition fasting homocysteine and CRP levels were measured by use of ELISA method before and after the exercise program for the 3 groups. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. We used Benferoni statistical test in order to determine and arrange the mean differences within every group
Results: the results showed that resistance training for eight weeks with different RI can lead to significant decrease in the levels of homocysteine and CRP in healthy sedentary men
Conclusion: circuit resistance training with different RI decreased the serum levels of homocysteine and CRP in the healthy sedentary men. Therefore, these exercises may decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: cell adhesion molecules are glycoproteins that mediate leukocyte response to inflammation. Increased level of these molecules may be directly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of endurance training on serum adhesion molecules in overweight men
Materials and Methods: twenty two overweight students [BMI=28.34 kg/m2] voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups, endurance training [n = 11] and control [n=11]. Training group participants accomplished 3 sessions of endurance training program for 8 weeks. Before and after every exercise, fasting blood samples were taken from all the subjects and serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1[sICAM-1], soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1[sVCAM-1] and soluble E-selectin were measured. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA test
Results: data showed significant differences in the levels of sICAM-1 between the groups after eight weeks of endurance training [P=0.002]. Comparison of the groups' pre- and post exercise mean values of the levels of sICAM-1 showed significant changes in endurance group [P=0.001]. Serum levels of sVCAM-1 and soluble E selectin showed no significant changes [p>0.05]
Conclusion: according to the results we can conclude that endurance training can decrease the levels of some of adhesion molecules. It could be responsible, to some extent for possible reduction of systemic inflammation, caused by physical activity
ABSTRACT
Salivary immunoglobulin A is the main component of immune system in upper respiratory tract. Thus this study examined the effects of continuous and intermittent trainings on resting level and acute response of mucosal immunity in male basketball players. In this study 20 male basketball players performed 8 weeks continuous and intermittent trainings. Every fortnight the intensity and the volume of trainings were increased. At the beginning, [week 1] and the end of the study [week 8], five ml un-stimulated saliva were collected from each subject before [rest condition], immediately and one hour after one bout exercise to exhaustion on treadmill to determine exercise induced changes in basal mucosal immunity. In addition, saliva samples were collected every two weeks before training. The amount of S-IgA and total protein were measured and then data were statistically analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. One bout exercise training in week 1 caused significantly decrease in s-IgA [P<0.001], but it was not changed in week 8. Total protein was not significantly change in week 1 after exercise, but it was significantly increased in week 8 after exercise [P<0.01]. The comparison of S-IgA, total protein and this ratio showed significant decrease after eight weeks training. The results of this study showed that decreasing resting salivary s-IgA after performing incremental physical activity caused mucosal immunity suppression, which is dependent on intensity of physical activity. On the other hand, these results confirmed the cumulative hypothesis of effects of single exercise training on mucosal immunity
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Exercise , BasketballABSTRACT
The use of creatine [Cr] as a nutritional supplement to aid athletic performance has gained widespread popularity among athletes. However, concerns have recently been expressed over the potentially harmful effects of short and long term Cr supplementation on health.] Therefore this study was conducted to determine effect of creatine monohydrate [CrM] ingestion and resistance training on serum Alanin Aminotransferase [ALT] and As part ate Aminotransferase [AST] changes in non-athlete males. Twenty non-athlete males [age 22.25 +/- 2.02yr, weight 71.55 +/- 4.72Kg and height 171.92 +/- 5.98 Cm] were selected and studied in two groups, the training-creatine [TC]: n=10, and the training-placebo [TP]: n=10, in a double-blind trial. Both groups participated in resistance training and completed two months of weight training [75% one repeat maximum]. The TC group consumed a 250 ml CrM solution supplement [0.07 g/kg/day, creatine] during the training protocol, while the control group just placebos [0.07 g/kg/day, wheat flour]. Venous blood samples were obtained before and 48h after the last session and serum ALT and AST activities were measured using the auto-analyzer system. Data was statistically analyzed by dependent and independed t-test, with a 0.05 significance level. There were no significant differences in serum ALT and AST activity between the TC [ALT, P<0.102; AST, P<0.086] and TP groups [ALT, P<0.265; AST, P<0.009]. Nor were any significant differences observed in mean and changes range for ALT and AST activities between the TC and TP groups. The results suggest that two months resistance training and CrM ingestion had no adverse effects on hepatic cellular damage idices. However, more research is needed to identify the side effects of acute and chronic CrM ingestion and resistance training
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Creatine , Liver/enzymology , Alanine Transaminase/drug effects , Resistance TrainingABSTRACT
Evaluation of primers designed due to theserovar specific IS200 copy for detecting Salmonellaabortusovis strains isolated in Iran. Observational study. Ninety seven Salmonella abortusovis strains. PCR amplification was carried out by serovarspecific primers and different strains according to PCRresults were studied by IS200 fingerprinting analysis. All strains could be classified in 2 distinctgenotypes by 2 kb and 900 bp amplicons in PCRamplification. These two genotypes were related to twodifferent profiles with 11 and 9 kb band respectively in IS200 fingerprinting. PCR amplification by serovar specificprimers was capable of grouping the strains in 2 majorgenotypic patterns
ABSTRACT
To study blechemichal properties and comparing current antibiotic resistance of S. abortusovis isolated from sheep in Ch-Bakhtiary province and study the prone to R - factor transferability. Comparative study. Thirty four strains isolated from Chaharmahal-Bakhtiary in 1999-2000. Biochemical tests were performed with standard diagnostic tests, antibiotic susceptibility and it's transferability were examined. All strains were resistant to Ampicillin [Am] and Amoxicillin [Amx]. Although the Streptomycin [S] after the Am and Amx was the most common resistance. Resistance to Amicacin [AN] and Tetracyclin [Te] were very low [about 2%]. All strains were susceptible to Chloramphenicol [C], Nalidixic Acid [Na], Kanamicin [K] and Enrofloxacin [En]. Just in one case the profile of Am - Amx - Cotrimaxazole [SXT]- AN- Te wasdeveloped. Among the total isolates, 3 cases were able to transfer some part of their resistance factors. In all three cases only resistance to Ampicillin were transmitted. Antibiotic resistance in S. abortusovis strains isolated from Iran is not that high and rarely were transmited to other bacteria. This phenomenon may be related to the defficalties of drug administration in sheep and got flocks